Thursday, February 9, 2012

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

Tag	Description
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation
<acronym>	Defines an acronym
<address>	Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<bdo>	Defines the text direction
<blockquote>	Defines a long quotation
<q>	Defines a short quotation
<cite>	Defines a citation
<dfn>	Defines a definition term

<html>
<body>

<address>
Written by W3Schools.com<br />
<a href="mailto:us@example.org">Email us</a><br />
Address: Box 564, Disneyland<br />
Phone: +12 34 56 78
</address>

</br>
<bdo dir="rtl">Here is some Hebrew text that should be written from right-to-left!</bdo>

</br>

<blockquote>
This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation.
</blockquote>

</br>

<p>WWF's goal is to:
<q>build a future where people live in harmony with nature</q>.
We hope they succeed.</p>
</br>

<dfn>Definition term</dfn><br />

</body>
</html>

Written by W3Schools.com
Email us
Address: Box 564, Disneyland
Phone: +12 34 56 78

Here is some Hebrew text that should be written from right-to-left!

This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation.

WWF's goal is to: build a future where people live in harmony with nature. We hope they succeed.

Definition term

HTML Text Formatting

This text is bold

This text is big

This text is italic

This is computer output

This is_subscript and ^superscript

^{<html>

<body>

<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>

<p><strong>This text is strong</strong></p>

<p><big>This text is big</big></p>

<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>

<p><em>This text is emphasized</em></p>

<p><code>This is computer output</code></p>

<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>

</body>

</html>}

This text is bold

This text is strong

This text is big

This text is italic

This text is emphasized

This is computer output

This is_subscript and ^superscript

HTML Formatting Tags

HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.

These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference).

	Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only. <strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!

Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>.

However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags:

<b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only.

<strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!

HTML Text Formatting Tags

Tag	Description
<b>	Defines bold text
<big>	Defines big text
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<i>	Defines italic text
<small>	Defines small text
<strong>	Defines strong text
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<ins>	Defines inserted text
<del>	Defines deleted text

<html>
<body>
<h1>HTML Text Formatting Tags</h1>
<p><b>my bold text</b>
<p><big>my big text</big>
</br>
<em>my emphasized text </em>
</br>
<i> my italics text </i>
</br>
<small>my small text</small>
</br>
<strong> my strong text </strong>
<sub>my subscripted text</sub>
<sup>my superscripted text </sup>
</br>
<ins>my inserted text </ins>
</br>
<del>my deleted text </del>

</body>
</html>

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

Tag	Description
<code>	Defines computer code text
<kbd>	Defines keyboard text
<samp>	Defines sample computer code
<tt>	Defines teletype text
<var>	Defines a variable
<pre>	Defines preformatted text

<html>
<body>

<em>Emphasized text</em><br />
<strong>Strong text</strong><br />
<dfn>Definition term</dfn><br />
<code>A piece of computer code</code><br />
<samp>Sample output from a computer program</samp><br />
<kbd>Keyboard input</kbd><br />
<var>Variable</var><br />
<cite>Citation</cite><br />
<pre>Citation</pre><br />

<tt>Citation</tt><br />
</body>
</html>

Emphasized text
Strong text
Definition term
`A piece of computer code`
`Sample output from a computer program`
`Keyboard input`
`Variable`
Citation

Citation

`Citation`

HTML Paragraphs

HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.

HTML Paragraphs

Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example

<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>

<html>

<body>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

This is a paragraph
.
This is a paragraph.

This is a paragraph.

Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph.

Don't Forget the End Tag

Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.

HTML Line Breaks

Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example

<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

<html>

<body>

<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

</body>

</html>

This is

a para

graph with line breaks

<br> or <br />

In XHTML, XML, elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead works better in XHTML and XML applications.

HTML Output - Useful Tips

You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space.

HTML Headings

Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

<html>
<body>

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This is heading 6</h6>

</body>
</html>

This is heading 1

This is heading 2

This is heading 3

This is heading 4

This is heading 5

This is heading 6

Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.

Headings Are Important

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.

HTML Lines

The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.

The hr element can be used to separate content:

<html>
<body>
<p>The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>

The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:

This is a paragraph

HTML Comments

Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:



<html>
<body>


<p>This is a regular paragraph</p>

</body>
</html>

This is a regular paragraph

Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.

<html>

<body>
<h1>MY HTML PRACTICE</h1>
</br><hr />
<p>my first paragraph</p>
<h2>second heading</h2>
</br>
<hr />
</body>
</html>

MY HTML PRACTICE

my first paragraph

second heading

HTML Attributes

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes

HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about an element
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

This is a link

Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.

Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.

Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.

However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.

Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.

HTML Attributes Reference

A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our:

Complete HTML Reference

Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:

Attribute	Value	Description
class	classname	Specifies a classname for an element
id	id	Specifies a unique id for an element
style	style_definition	Specifies an inline style for an element
title	tooltip_text	Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)

For more information about standard attributes:

HTML Standard Attributes Reference

HTML Elements

HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements

An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag *	Element content	End tag *
<p>	This is a paragraph	</p>
<a href="default.htm" >	This is a link	</a>
<br />

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
Some HTML elements have empty content
Empty elements are closed in the start tag
Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).

HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained

The <p> element:

<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.

The <body> element:

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).

The <html> element:

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.

Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).

Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.

W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

HTML Basic - 4 Examples

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

<html>
<body>

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This is heading 6</h6>

</body>
</html>

This is heading 1

This is heading 2

This is heading 3

This is heading 4

This is heading 5

This is heading 6

-----

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

<html>
<body>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

This is a link

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />

Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.

HTML - Getting Started

Editing HTML

HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio

.HTM or .HTML File Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.

HTML INTRODUCTION

What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages

HTML documents describe web pages
HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
HTML documents are also called web pages

The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page.

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

Thursday, February 9, 2012

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

HTML Text Formatting

HTML Formatting Tags

HTML Text Formatting Tags

HTML Text Formatting Tags

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

<tt>Citation</tt><br /> </body> </html>

Emphasized text Strong text Definition term A piece of computer code Sample output from a computer program Keyboard input Variable Citation

Citation

HTML Paragraphs

Example

Don't Forget the End Tag

Example

HTML Line Breaks

Example

<br> or <br />

HTML Output - Useful Tips

HTML Headings

This is heading 1

This is heading 2

This is heading 3

This is heading 4

This is heading 5

This is heading 6

Headings Are Important

HTML Lines

HTML Comments

MY HTML PRACTICE

second heading

HTML Attributes

Attribute Example

Always Quote Attribute Values

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

HTML Attributes Reference

HTML Elements

HTML Element Syntax

Nested HTML Elements

HTML Document Example

HTML Example Explained

Don't Forget the End Tag

Empty HTML Elements

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

Example

This is heading 1

This is heading 2

This is heading 3

This is heading 4

This is heading 5

This is heading 6

HTML Paragraphs

Example

HTML Links

HTML Images

Editing HTML

.HTM or .HTML File Extension?

What is HTML?

HTML Tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages

Example Explained

<tt>Citation</tt><br />
</body>
</html>

Emphasized text
Strong text
Definition term
`A piece of computer code`
`Sample output from a computer program`
`Keyboard input`
`Variable`
Citation

`Citation`